Reader Rabbit is an edutainmentsoftware franchise created in 1983 by The Learning Company. This series is aimed at children from infancy to the age of eight.^[2] In 1998, a spin-off series called The ClueFinders was released for older students aged eight to twelve.

The games teach language arts including basic skills in reading and spelling, and mathematics. The main character in all the titles, regardless of the subject area covered by a particular game, is named 'Reader Rabbit'..

• 2Design
• 3Products in the franchise
  • 3.1Video games
• 4Reception

History[edit]

The first Reader Rabbit computer game was conceived by the Grimm sisters and titled Reader Rabbit and the Fabulous Word Factory. It was released initially in 1983^[3] and featured in the 1983 holiday special The Computer Chronicles.^[4] Later versions were released in 1984.^[5][6] In 1986, both Reader Rabbit 2.0 and Math Rabbit were released. In 1987, Writer Rabbit was released with the intention of having a Rabbit series that featured different academic subjects. Ultimately, the developers decided to have a Reader Rabbit series that explored subjects beyond reading.^[7] With this directional change, Math Rabbit would later be renamed Reader Rabbit with the game title Reader Rabbit's Math.^[8] Many critics and gaming historians erroneously assert that the Reader Rabbit series officially began in 1986.^[9] The 1990s saw an audio cassette release of some of the game's most popular music, entitled Reader Rabbit's Sing Along Favorites,^[10] and by 1996 the Reader Rabbit series included a wide variety of titles, including Reader Rabbit's Reading Development Library which allowed players to experience fairy tales via animated storybooks.^[7]

In 1995, The Learning Company was bought by SoftKey after a hostile takeover bid. Softkey adopted the name The Learning Company. Softkey embarked on a cost-cutting exercise with the aim to sell cheaper software.^[11] The Platinum line of budget titles pushed the retail price for edutainment down to $12.99 in the US, and swapped the fancy packaging for a simple jewel case.^[12] At the time, SoftKey founder Kevin O'Leary recalled, 'I’d get a $12 million order for 'Reader Rabbit'...it would blow up behind me, the logistics. I couldn't deliver', noting that he gave Mike Perik half his equity to solve the problem.^[13] In 1998, The Learning Company was acquired by Mattel in a $3.6 billion deal.^[14] The toy-maker was looking to enter the interactive market. Mattel planned to expand the Reader Rabbit franchise into a series of interactive electronic plush toys that could download new content from the Internet.^[14] Mattel was forced to quickly sell off their properties the following year to avoid bankruptcy, and the Reader Rabbit brand was sold to Riverdeep.^[14] From 1998–2002, a series called The ClueFinders featuring a Scooby-Doo-like gang of mystery solvers was released with similar subject matter aimed at a more advanced student base, from the third to the sixth grade.^{[citation needed]} The Reader Rabbit Workbook Series was released in 2003, and consisted of three 320-page comprehensive workbooks and five 32-page single-subject workbooks, aimed at children ages three to seven.^[15]

The early 2000's saw the last major PC releases of the franchise. New games have since been released on platforms such as Nintendo Wii, while some parts of older games have been uploaded to the Internet Archive.^[16] By 2003, the Reader Rabbit series had been sold in over 40 countries and translated into 12 different languages:^[17]

• French (titled Lapin Malin)^[18] first translation 1998; their main page.
• Spanish (titled El Conejo Lector)^[18] first translation 1998^[19]
• German (titled Billi Banni)^[20]Page here. Page here.
• Finnish^[21] (titled Jussi Jänö)
• Swedish^[21] (titled Kalle Kunskap). Main page is located here, here and here.
• Norwegian^[21] (titled Labbe Langøre)
• Danish^[21] (titled Fætter Kanin)
• Portuguese (titled Coelho Sabido;^[22] ClueFinders titled Os Caça-Pistas)
• Dutch^[23] (titled Robbie Konijn)^[24]
• Polish (titled Królik Bystrzak)^[25]
• Russian (title Школа Кролика / School Rabbit)
• Japanese (titled リーダーラビット / Leader Rabbit)
• Chinese (titled 瑞德小兔 / Reid Bunny)

There is a Reader Rabbit themed attraction at Parken Zoo in Eskilstuna, Sweden, which replaced the longstanding and successful Phantom Land.^[26] Various audio-books have been released by Prelusion Games and Nordic Softsales, including titles such as Kalle Kunskap i Vilda Västern (Reader Rabbit in the Wild West) in 2010. The Brazilian Reader Rabbit, Coelho Sabido, is a trademark of Divertire Editora, a company active in the educational games market since 1998.

In March 2004, LeapFrog and Riverdeep entered into a publishing and distribution agreement for Reader Rabbit. They planned a series of five e-books about phonics that would be released for the LeapPad learning system. However, only three e-books were released by fall of that year.^[27][28] In 2011, a game for the Nintendo Wii console was announced.^[29]Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, the successor to Riverdeep after acquisitions and mergers, currently owns the license for the series and continues to sell the products through various distribution networks.^[30]

Design[edit]

Plot and Game play[edit]

The series centers on the adventures of Reader Rabbit and his friends, including Sam the Lion and Matilda the Mouse. The grayish-blue Reader Rabbit is the protagonist of all the games. His wardrobe has included a red T-shirt and a red and blue striped sweater (similar to the Montreal Canadiens jersey, but without the logo).

Generally, the series consists of point-and-click adventure games where the player must use their inventory and interact with characters to solve a series of puzzles. These puzzles were originally reading-based challenges but different titles focus on other subject areas. Visually, the game consists of a series of static screens which the player can navigate through by clicking on certain 'travel' hot-spots. Other hot-spots can trigger an interaction with a character, item, song or mini-game.

Art[edit]

In the early 1990's, artist Shaowei Liu hand painted backgrounds and animations which were then digitized for the games.^[31] In the mid-1990's, artist Frank Cirocco drew the characters and foregrounds in pencil,^[32] hiring Mick Gray to ink the line art.^[33][34] By 1997, the characters were redesigned for Reader Rabbit Toddler by Tracy Reynolds of Class 6 Entertainment.^[35] For the games made in the late 1990's, the characters and backgrounds were worked on by Fred Dianda, starting as sketches then refined, colored and animated on computer.^[36] For some of the games at this time, the art was provided by Chester Aldridge's company US Equity Holdings.^[37] For the later games, Dianda was made Lead Artist.^[38] Some line art was worked on by Gerald Broas, who used a 2B pencil to hand draw the backgrounds and characters on 12 field animation paper.^[39] For the story books included in the interactive journey and library games, artist Marc Diamond used a LeapPad tablet to sketch the pictures before coloring and shading.^[40] The most recent art for the iOS games was done by concept artist Federico Miniaci.^[41]

Music[edit]

Each game contains songs that guide the narrative and provide the internal monologues of characters. Composer Scott Lloyd Shelly was particularly proud of composing the music for Reader Rabbit: 1st Grade in 1998.^[42] Foreign language versions were created for many of the games to give the franchise global appeal. This extended to the games' songs; one song from Reader Rabbit Preschool was translated into French, German, Portuguese, Russian, and Swedish.^[43] A VHS video called Reader Rabbit Sing-A-Song Adventures was released in 2000, featuring a compilation of the series' best songs.^[44]

Educational Goals[edit]

Education has always been a key part of the games' design, seeking to find a balance between learning and fun. The titles in the series are researched by educators, parents, children and reading specialists to ensure the software is educational, engaging and easy-to-use.^[45] The software aimed to promote the use of computers as teaching tools in the classroom.^[46] The games covered a range of subjects such as reading, phonics, math, and memory.^[47] The A.D.A.P.T. Learning Technology was introduced into Reader Rabbit titles in 1999. The system contained a series of customization features that would facilitate the player's learning by Assessing abilities, Developing skills, Adjusting levels, Providing help, and Tracking progress.^[48]

Products in the franchise[edit]

Video games[edit]

Compilations[edit]

Cassettes and DVD[edit]

• Reader Rabbit's Sing Along Favorites (music cassette)
• Reader Rabbit: Wordville Soup (DVD – 2004)
• Reader Rabbit: The Great Alphabet Race (DVD – 2005)

Reader Rabbit Giant Workbooks[edit]

These workbooks were published by The Learning Company and each were supplementary material to a corresponding game. They were republished as Reader Rabbit: Let's Learn by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

• Reader Rabbit Kindergarten
• Reader Rabbit Kindergarten: Rhyming Words
• Reader Rabbit Preschool
• Reader Rabbit Preschool: Reading Readiness
• Reader Rabbit Preschool: Colors & Shapes
• Reader Rabbit Preschool: Sounds
• Reader Rabbit Preschool: Alphabet
• Reader Rabbit Starting School Level 1: ABC
• Reader Rabbit 1st Grade
• Reader Rabbit 1st Grade: Spelling
• Reader Rabbit 1st Grade: Phonics
• Reader Rabbit 1st Grade: Writing Mechanics
• Reader Rabbit K-1st Grade: Math
• Reader Rabbit K-1st Grade: Math – Money, Time & Measurement

Reader Rabbit Leapfrog e-books[edit]

These e-books are about phonics and were released under the LeapPad learning system.

• Sam's Sweet Surprise
• High Flying Circus
• The Great Word Chase

Reception[edit]

Critical Reception[edit]

In 1991, The Chicago Sun-Times noted that Reader Rabbit was 'one of the most effective edutainment gaming franchises' and that it had helped many children learn how to read.^[90]Computer Shopper appreciated that the games filled a gap in the market; it found that while most reading comprehension titles were aimed at older children, Reader Rabbit uniquely offered games to the preschool age.^[91]

In 1995, The New York Times noted that the flagship title of The Learning Company was 'unusual in crossing over from home use to in-school, curriculum-based learning'.^[92] The newspaper noted in 2002 that the series had become an 'educational staple in schools and homes' with a long tradition of 'quality educational software'.^[93]The Boston Herald argued that the games' replayability and enjoyment made their costs immediately justifiable.^[94] Krystina Madej of Physical Play and Children's Digital Games highlighted the series as an innovator in the budding edutainment genre during the 1980's, following in MECC's The Oregon Trail footsteps to create play-based educational games aimed at young children.^[95]

In 2012, PC Mag listed the debut title as one of the 10 Educational PC Games of the 1980s and noted that new titles were still being released.^[96]

Commercial Performance[edit]

The premiere game in the series, Reader Rabbit and the Fabulous Word Factory, first entered the Billboard Charts for Education Computer Software at number six in May 1985^[97] and re-entered at number 10 two weeks later.^[98] The game continued to feature on the charts in following weeks, selling 250,000 units by 1989.^[99]

The series was commercially successful throughout its run. By 1991, the series had sold 500,000 copies.^[90] The Learning Company had a gross revenue of $27.5 million at the end of the 1993 financial year and 41% revenue growth from 1992–3, largely due to the Reader Rabbit series.^[100]

Between 1993–2001, the series sold six million copies.^[28] Around 2001, prices of the products were tapering and the sales were declining around Europe.^[101] By 2002, the series had sold over 25 million copies.^[102]

Awards and nominations[edit]

As of 2017, the series has won over 175 awards.^[103]

References[edit]

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2. ^'Educational Games Research'. July 22, 2007. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
3. ^Leslie Grimm (1984-01-01), Reader Rabbit 1.1, The Learning Company, retrieved 2017-02-06
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14. ^ ^abcDignan, Larry. 'Mattel/The Learning Co. in $3.8B merger ZDNet'. ZDNet. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
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105. ^'1992 Winners'.
106. ^ ^abCD Back Cover art
107. ^'Reader Rabbit's 1st Grade'.
108. ^'Awards Category Details'.
109. ^'Reader Rabbit's 2nd Grade'.
110. ^'Newsweek magazine's educational CD-ROM recommendations'. 7 December 1998.
111. ^'Reader Rabbit's Math Ages 6–9'.
112. ^'Reader Rabbit 1st Grade: Capers on Cloud Nine!'.
113. ^'Reader Rabbit 2nd Grade: Mis-cheese-ious Dreamship Adventures!'.
114. ^'Reader Rabbit Kindergarten: Bounce Down in Balloon Town!'.
115. ^'Reader Rabbit: Wordville Soup'.
116. ^'Reader Rabbit: The Great Alphabet Race'.
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118. ^'Reader Rabbit – Kindergarten'.
119. ^'Reader Rabbit – 1st Grade'.
120. ^'Reader Rabbit – Preschool'.
121. ^'Reader Rabbit – 2nd Grade'.

External links[edit]

• Reader Rabbit Software and Workbooks – The Learning Company
• Reader Rabbit Series at MobyGames